2016. No. 3 (37)

Luigi Fici - Full Professor, Department of Economics and Enterprise, University of Tuscia
Address: Via del Paradiso, 47, Viterbo, 01100, Italy
E-mail:fici@unitus.it

Pavel V. Malyzhenkov - Associate Professor, Department of Information Systems and Technologies, National Research University Higher School of Economics   
Address: 25/12, Bolshaya Pecherskaya Street, Nizhniy Novgorod, 603155, Russian Federation  
E-mail: pmalyzhenkov@hse.ru

Michela Piccarozzi - Researcher, Department of Economics and Enterprise, University of Tuscia
Address: Via del Paradiso, 47, Viterbo, 01100, Italy
E-mail: piccarozzi@unitus.it

Ekaterina S. Meleshina - MBA, Account Manager Specialty Polyolefins, LyondellBasell Company
Address: 10 build.1, Uspensky Pereulok, Moscow, 127006, Russian Federation
E-mail:ekaterina.meleshina@lyondbasell.com

      Marketing the results of research carried out within publicly funded scientific institutions (universities, laboratories, research centers, etc.) is widely considered by decision-makers as a sustainable base for developing and stimulating business growth. Experience shows that small, innovative enterprises split off from big industries or academic bodies are the element that links together research and the business environment; their creation process represents a perfect field for applying the Enterprise Engineering apparatus. Such enterprises can assume the risk of transforming an entrepreneurial idea into industrial prototypes without which it is impossible to evaluate the commercial potential of research results. This mechanism is implemented via spin-off companies.
      This paper focuses its analysis on the creation of academic spin-offs as one of the most widespread ways to bring research results to the market place, and also represents a powerful instrument of their internationalization strategy for universities. The main aim of the work is to identify the main elements raised by the creation of such companies, from the point of view of both public and academic authorities. The article proposes to consider key properties of university and industrial spin-offs as business units with flexible organizational form in tight connection with the formal modeling approach of the Enterprise Ontology and DEMO methodology, which are based on the Language–Action Perspective. For the analysis, the authors apply the concept of the transactions mechanism and a particular enterprise design methodology. As a result of the research, the paper proposes the main elements of a spin-off reference model constructed using the DEMO methodology means and it describes future directions of this work.

Eduard A. Babkin - Professor, Department of Information Systems and Technology, National Research University Higher School of Economics
Address: 25/12, Bolshaya Pecherskaya Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603155, Russian Federation
E-mail: eababkin@hse.ru

Oksana V. Radzinskaya - Lecturer, Department of Information Systems and Technology, National Research University Higher School of Economics
Address: 25/12, Bolshaya Pecherskaya Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603155, Russian Federation
E-mail: oradzinskaya@hse.ru

      This research paper explores the most developed methodologies used for multifaceted modeling of organizational structures. It is asserted that the existing methodologies (DEMO – Design and Engineering Methodology for Organizations, BORM – Business Object Relation Modeling and OntoUML) provide tools for analysis of the organization and its business processes through different ways. They lead to different results and make the process of organization modeling complicated.  There is no software to support work with these methodologies together. The purpose of this research is to create a unified meta-model (within the Eclipse EMF technology) for a new methodology based on the existing ones and to analyze the completeness of these methodologies for describing enterprise architecture. It will serve as a basis for a new open software platform for multifaceted modeling of the organization.
      In this research, we have compared the above-mentioned methodologies and concluded that despite the fact that these methodologies provide an analysis of different aspects of organizational structure, they have a common basic set of concepts. This study demonstrates the implementation of the Ecore model that is built on the basis of the selected group of common elements of these methodologies. We have also found that the combination of the considered methodologies contains all the concepts inherent in the systematic approach to the modeling of organizational structure. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the aspects of the organization that can be modeled by the methodologies considered. Using the Zachman framework, it was shown that: the DEMO, BORM and OntoUML methodologies allow us to describe in detail the business processes that take place at different levels of the organization, from the ontological to the datalogical, and therefore provide comprehensive information for the multifaceted modeling of an organization. However, none of the existing methodologies takes the time component and goal-setting into consideration.

Davit S. Bidzhoyan - Postgraduate Student, Department of Business Analytics, Doctoral School of Economics, National Research University Higher School of Economics
Address: 20, Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation
E-mail: bidzhoyan_david@mail.ru

Tatiana K. Bogdanova - Associate Professor, Department of Business Analytics, National Research University Higher School of Economics
Address: 20, Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation
E-mail: tanbog@hse.ru

      Nowadays enterprises operate in a rapidly changing macroeconomic environment, and this factor should be taken into account when forecasting a company’s financial statement as a whole, or some of its particular aspects. However, development of the company’s financial stability assessment model taking into account macroeconomic factors is hampered by the problem of inclusion in the model of some factors with frequency of measurement different from that of the internal financial performance. For example, currency rates and crude oil prices can change on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis. Changes in the key interest rate cannot be characterized as systematic, since the Central Bank can vary the key interest rate depending on market conditions. Meanwhile, financial indicators of the company are published in the semi-annual and annual reports.
      This paper proposes an approach that aggregates macroeconomic factors, which means presenting a time series of each variable for each year, followed by the inclusion of polynomial coefficients in the final model as reference variable characteristics. The weighted average is calculated for the key interest rate, where the weights are the days during which the rate is operated. Based on the data of 291 metallurgical industry enterprises of the Volga federal district for the period 2012–2014, a financial stability assessment model has been built relying on the decision tree model using CRT (Classification and Regression Tree). The accuracy of the model is approximately 86%. The decision tree structure has served as a basis for recommendations to optimize certain financial indicators of operations to reach financial stability. 

Sergey M. Avdoshin - Professor, Head of Software Engineering School, National Research University Higher School of Economics
Address: 20, Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation
E-mail: savdoshin@hse.ru

Elena Yu. Pesotskaya - Associate Professor, Software Engineering School, National Research University Higher School of Economics
Address: 20, Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation
E-mail: epesotskaya@hse.ru

      This paper analyses the possibility of using mobile technologies and applications in the Russian healthcare system and evaluates the opportunities for its further development. The research provides an overview of global trends in digital healthcare with some examples of the best solutions for eHealth (healthcare practice supported by electronic processes and communication). An analysis is made of the Russian medical system in order to identify the main stages of its formation, achievements and areas for improvement. The authors also conducted research into the current Russian medical healthcare system aimed at identifying gaps and concerns regarding security, reliability and service availability for on-line and mobile services and personal health records in Russia. Certain difficulties in the establishment of an up-to-date healthcare system in Russia with examples of barriers are also analyzed to get a better understanding of the prospects for mobile healthcare development. Starting from the premise that support for information technologies is essential to medical healthcare development, the paper gives an overview of the current IT initiatives of the Russian government in the field of medicine and provides examples of the independent applications of Russian software developers for digital and mobile healthcare.  As a result of the research, three possible development scenarios of Russian mobile healthcare are described. The barriers identified as well as worldwide healthcare transformation aspects such as cost reduction and personalization are considered in the possible scenarios. 

Elena V. Kuznetsova - Associate Professor, Department of Business Analytics, National Research University Higher School of Economics
Address: 20, Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation
E-mail: ev.kuznetsova@hse.ru

      The article focuses on corporate information systems intended for management accounting and budgeting (MAB) in project-oriented construction companies. The author argues that the successful implementation of such systems requires a comprehensive approach involving the development or the adaptation of MAB philosophy taking into account the software functionality and related business processes. The author demonstrates that ERP software is the most effective technological platform for corporate MAB systems of project-oriented companies. This is explained by the fact that the ERP systems have both sufficient functionality for project management automation and appropriate tools for management accounting and budgeting. Relying on this analysis, a comprehensive approach and appropriate solutions for developing corporate MAB systems in project-oriented construction companies are proposed. The methodological solutions proposed in the field of MAB design take into account the specific nature of a contractor who carries out construction projects for external customers.
      In particular, the following methodological solutions are presented: establishing temporary project-based profit centers in the construction company’s financial structure; using administrative quasi-projects and the “direct costing” method for fixed overheads costing in certain departments; establishing temporary profit centers related to production departments (internal subcontractors). This paper also shows how such a financial structure may be used in the SAP ERP system relying on the end-to-end “project” attribute.
      A budgeting structure with two versions of the corporate master budget is proposed. The first version of the structure is based on the contracting plans and the second – on the last approved project budget versions. The paper shows that monitoring implementation is necessary for both master budget versions.
      The main assertions and results of the paper are applied in the implementation of a corporate MAB information system based on SAP ERP in a construction company. The results of the system’s implementation and operation have shown significant improvement in the key financial indicators of the company, including profits, rate of return and net cash flow.

Denis S. Pashchenko - Independent consultant in software domain
Address: 40/12, Nizhnya Krasnoselskaya Street, Moscow, 105066, Russian Federation
E-mail: denpas@rampler.ru

      Studying the typical problems in the software development process always has two approaches: the strategic view of the team of top managers focused on the IT business and the practical view of software project teammates – engineers, analysts, software quality assurance specialists. This article is dedicated to research of change management in software development processes in Central and Eastern Europe, including Russia, as one of software centers in this region. The research was carried out in the middle of 2014 and covers 78 experienced developers and analysts of the domain from 11 countries. The research has three sections: change planning, change implementation and consolidation of the new practices. The research is focused on key measurements and risks in all stages of change implementation from its planning up to analysis of results.
      In the article, we present the project approach to change management with four stages: planning change, preparing the environment, change in details, change implementation. For each stage, we highlighted several typical problems and gave practical recommendations. Special attention was paid to research of long-term problems which cover the whole project of change management. These problems include: organizational resistance, changes goal’s management, involvement of teammates and managers in the change management process. Practical recommendations in the final section of the article are focused on change management’s best practices in the software domain as regards planning, delivery and consolidation of changes.

Igor G. Fiodorov - Associate Professor, Department of Applied Information Technologies and Information Security, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
Address: 7, Nezhinskaya Street, Moscow, 119501, Russian Federation
E-mail: IFedorov@mesi.ru

      Y. Wand and R. Weber have suggested that the ontological clarity of the modeling language can be evaluated by comparing the alphabet of this language with the constructs of top level ontology known as Bunge-Wand-Weber (BWW). According to them, one of the key success factors of using a given language is its ability to provide the users with a symbol set, which can directly reflect appropriate ontology concepts. However, the ontology is not limited to a thesaurus; it also covers the structure of relations between concepts. It may be assumed that the modeling language must be able to convey these relationships. Therefore, the approach of Y. Wand and R. Weber can be significantly enhanced if the structural relationships among BWW ontology concepts are studied. This paper also makes an attempt to extend the BWW ontology as applied to business process modeling, since in its current form it does not make it possible to represent logical operators and the temporal characteristics. We enhance the BWW ontology with transformations which change mutual properties, they correspond to logical operators.  The interpretation of the event concept is modified such that it designates the moment in time when the object state changes. It is demonstrated that external events are connected to each process operation. Thus, the items of temporal logic: the moment in time and time interval between two consecutive events are added. The investigation of relations among enhanced BWW ontology concepts made it possible to substantiate five perspectives of the process model and identify formalisms used for their description, i.e. informational – entity-relation diagram; behavioral – state transition diagram; transformational – dataflow diagram; temporal – event graph; logical – ordinary Petri nets. Multiple research shows that process modeling languages and notations are not able to displayimmediately all BWW ontological model concepts, but only part of them. Moreover, the authors of these researches focus their attention on a percentage ratio of modeled and unmodeled concepts, calculate a relative degree of deficit, redundancy, excess and overload. For overcoming the deficit, this paper proposes to model a business process not in one notation but in several correlated diagrams, so that each diagram reveals separate perspectives, and all together they form a coordinated, integrated process description.

Alexander I. Gromov - Professor, Head of Department of Modeling and Optimization of Business Processes, National Research University Higher School of Economics
Address: 20, Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation
E-mail: agromov@hse.ru

Yulia A. Bilinkis - Lecturer, Department of Modeling and Optimization of Business Processes, National Research University Higher School of Economics
Address: 20, Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation
E-mail: ybilinkis@hse.ru

Nikolay S. Kazantsev - Lecturer, Department of Modeling and Optimization of Business Processes, National Research University Higher School of Economics
Address: 20, Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation
E-mail: nkazantsev@hse.ru

Anastasia G. Zueva - Lecturer, Department of Modeling and Optimization of Business Processes, National Research University Higher School of Economics
Address: 20, Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation
E-mail: zueva_ag@mail.ru

      The paper is focused on DMAIC methodology, which is currently widely used in projects to optimize routine business processes by implementing 6 Sigma methodologies. The article analyzes the applicability of DMAIC methodology to weakly structured non-linear business processes characterized by uncertainty of the input, output and variability of process instances, primarily dependent on content and user behavior. First, it describes the main steps of the methodology: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control. These steps are used for a routine documentation approval process. Routine process is regulated and has few exceptions; its instances rarely differ from each other. Standard statistical methods can be used to analyze it, such as control charts. Second, the paper shows approaches to the definition of weakly structured processes with the use of the information field and subject-oriented interaction to achieve the goal. Third, tools and techniques that extend the DMAIC methodology for weakly structured process are proposed using the example of ad-hoc weakly structured operational risk management processes. The main differences were identified in the Define, Measure and Analyze steps. These recommendations can be used in projects to optimize weakly structured processes.