2016. No. 1(35)

Vinton G. Cerf - Vice President and Chief Internet Evangelist, Alphabet Inc.
Address: 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
E-mail: vint@google.com

Patrick S. Ryan - Strategy & Operations Principal, Alphabet Inc.
Address: 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
E-mail: patrickryan@google.com

Max Senges - Research Program Manager, Alphabet Inc.
Address: 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
E-mail: maxsenges@google.com

Richard S. Whitt - Corporate Director for Strategic Initiatives, Alphabet Inc.
Address: 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
E-mail: whitt@google.com

      What happens when everyday standalone devices and machines acquire network interfaces? The somewhat obvious result will be an unprecedented number of “things” connected to the Internet. It is less obvious what this means for the governance of the Internet when this occurs. With the “Internet of Things” (IoT) the Internet’s loosely coupled governance structures are already adapting to accommodate the evolution of the Internet’s use. As the governance structure continues to develop, users’ safety must be the first priority for all hardware and software providers. In the context of the Internet of Things, this paper proposes a definition of digital safety as distinct from security and discusses how multistakeholder governance can be applied to address safety challenges. The paper also considers the integration of “old” industries and the transformation of their governance into the multistakeholder model as their products and services are coming online. We consider how the thousands of manufacturers who traditionally produced analog, not-connected physical “things” adapt to become stakeholders in the Internet and how that changes the way that we think about Internet Governance. The particular interest of this paper is how to address safety issues that become much more prominent with the spread of Internet-enabled physical environments.
      The authors of this paper have written this project in their personal capacities as an academic contribution. The views reflected may not be the official position of the authors’ employer.

Peter Major - Vice-Chairman, United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD)   
Address: Palais des Nations, 8-14, Av. de la Paix, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland
E-mail: pmajor@bluewin.ch

      Internet Governance is one of the global governance issues that emerged at the end of the 1990s. As the Internet is taking on an important role in every aspect of our lives, it has been recognized that its governance needs to involve all stakeholders and institutions to allow global access, foster development and contribute to the global economy, education, information. Security and privacy concerns should also be addressed in the policy dialogues. This paper outlines the global nature of the Internet Governance. It argues that in addition to dialogues and negotiations formal approaches should be explored to handle global issues in a global way. In its conclusion a mechanism is proposed to address Internet related global public policy issues.
      The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the author in his private capacity and do not in any way represent the views of the UN Commission on Science and Technology for Development. 

Alexander A. Ponomarenko - Researcher, Laboratory of Algorithms and Technologies for Network Analysis National Research University Higher School of Economics  
Address: 136, Rodionova Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603093, Russian Federation 
E-mail: aponomarenko@hse.ru

Yury A. Malkov - Junior Research Fellow,The Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Address: 46, Ulyanova Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation
 E-mail: yurymalkov@mail.ru

Andrey A. Logvinov - Project Leader, MERA Labs LLC
Address: 192, Rodionova Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603093, Russian Federation 
E-mail: alogvinov@meralabs.com

Vladimir V. Krylov - Professor, Head of Big Data Laboratory Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University
Address: 24 Minina Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation 
E-mail: vkrylov@heterarchica.com

      The ability to scale is a desirable business requirement for computer systems. Distributed systems clearly demonstrate this ability and might to process very large volumes of data.  Many systems with distributed architecture are based on the distributed hash table (DHT), which manages a set of distributed network nodes connected not only by a physical channel, but also by an additional overlay network. This overlay network is used for searching nodes and for distributing tasks among them. The main feature of this approach is that there is no central element or node which knows the global topology of the network. Nodes in the network are searched by passing a query message from one node to another. Despite that, every node has knowledge only about a small number of other nodes, and the network is organized in such a way that search involves a logarithmical number of nodes.
      There are several DHT implementations which specify how to construct and how to support the structure of the network. In this paper, we demonstrate the way in which such a network can be constructed much simpler by applying the sight modification of the recently published Metrized Small World algorithm to the case of one dimension. We provide a theoretical analysis for the case of uniform distribution and empirical analysis for other distributions. The main advantage of the proposed algorithm is that it is immutable to data distribution and does not need to support any particular distribution of the length.
      In addition, we show how to separate completely the concept of network location of data from the search functionality. This separation is important, for instance, for building global storages where data is owned by multiple parties and each party is interested in keeping control over the aspects of physical storage and access to the data it owns. So in contrast to DHT, insertion of new data does not require relocation to an existing node. 

Valerij Yu. Vahrushev - Dean, Faculty of Automation and Computing Machines, Vyatka State University  
Address: 36, Moskovskaya Street, Kirov, 610000, Russian Federation
E-mail: vahrushev@vyatsu.ru

Elena V. Bogomolova - Leading Programming Engineer, LEPSE Company; Post-graduate, Department of Automatics and Telemechanics, Vyatka State University  
Address: 36, Moskovskaya Street, Kirov, 610000, Russian Federation
E-mail: elenaoops@mail.ru

Anna M. Lanskih - Associate Professor, Department of Automatics and Telemechanics, Vyatka State University  
Address: 36, Moskovskaya Street, Kirov, 610000, Russian Federation
E-mail: usr00221@vyatsu.ru

Yurij V. Lanskih - Associate Professor, Department of Automatics and Telemechanics, Vyatka State University  
Address: 36, Moskovskaya Street, Kirov, 610000, Russian Federation
E-mail: lyuv@inbox.ru

Andrej V. Luppov - Associate Professor, Department of Automatics and Telemechanics, Vyatka State University  
Address: 36, Moskovskaya Street, Kirov, 610000, Russian Federation
E-mail: dei123@mail.ru

Anna V. Malysheva - Lecturer, Department of Automatics and Telemechanics, Vyatka State University  
Address: 36, Moskovskaya Street, Kirov, 610000, Russian Federation
E-mail: annyml@mail.ru

Natalya A. Shmakova - Senior Lecturer, Department of Automatics and Telemechanics, Vyatka State University  
Address: 36, Moskovskaya Street, Kirov, 610000, Russian Federation
E-mail: shmakova.natalya@mail.ru

      The authors consider the problems of constructing systems of accounting, management and analysis of a company. One of the most cost-effective ways to build such systems is the integration of legacy, acquired and developed components on a middleware base, which can be characterized as a technological platform for integration.
      Consideration is given to the formalization of principles for creation of such platform software. These principles are formed similarly to the principles of forming a microprogram processor control unit. We are shown how to develop a software platform that makes it possible to organize the launch of procedures for processing, visualization, data exchange by a schedule or by user request, using the microprogram processor control unit as a formal model. The totality of the information and software that acts as a platform is decomposed into instructions memory, metacommand memory, the instruction memory controller and metacommand memory controller.
      A document management system is considered as one of the options of platform software. The electronic document management system for the exchange of information is protected by digital signature. It facilitates integration between information subsystems of reference, accounting and other purposes. This practice is called EDMS-bus.
      Within the theoretical formulation of the problem the authors considered the informational domain model as a set of business processes performed in it. The automation of  activity in the subject field amounts to forming a set of automated business processes, whose power is determined by the functionality of the implemented information system, and which cover to the maximum extent a set of business processes of the subject area. Examination is made of cases of overlapping sets of legacy information systems business processes and of implemented information systems business processes. 

Andrey G. Mikheev - Associate Professor, Department of Business Informatics and Industrial Management Systems, National University of Science and Technology MISiS
Address: 4, Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation 
E-mail: andrmikheev@gmail.com

Valeriy E. Pyatetskiy - Professor, Head of Department of Business Informatics and Industrial Management Systems, National University of Science and Technology MISiS
Address: 4, Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation 
E-mail: 7621496@gmail.com

      This article discusses techniques used to design business processes that are directly executable on the computer system of an enterprise (executable business processes). It also describes the experience of teaching the elements of this technology. This experience was accumulated within two years of teaching process disciplines to bachelors and masters in National University of Science and Technology MISiS and Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics (MESI).
      One of the reasons to choose the process way of enterprise automation is reducing the cost of automation. In traditional automation, at first the business analyst describes the functionality of the designed system in the form of text, then the programmer translates it into code.  The use of executable business processes would make it possible to avoid duplication of work in many ways. In this case the business analyst with the customer uses visual graphic software to develop the business processes of automated functionality which will then be executed directly in the computer environment. Schemes of executable business processes are the human-readable graphical description of the corresponding functionality and it’s not necessary to translate them into code. Therefore, the cost of analytical work in this case is the same while the cost of programming is significantly lower. If the business environment changes, the business analyst can quickly change the schemes of business processes accordingly without involving the programmer. In addition, in many cases, the business analyst can independently (without programmer) develop new business processes. Therefore, the cost of development, maintenance and support of such IT-solutions is significantly lower than the cost of traditional solutions, while the speed of development, implementation and subsequent changes is significantly higher.
      These advantages (faster, cheaper, easier to maintain and support) are the same advantages the paradigm of object-oriented programming has over the procedural programming paradigm. By analogy, we can call the development of software solutions based on executable business processes a new programming paradigm with respect to the traditional approach.
      Process automation based on executable business processes requires process thinking from business analysts that differs from the thinking of IT specialists in the traditional enterprise automation. In addition to knowledge of business process notations, business analysts should be able to implement the typical situations in enterprise business in the form of executable business processes. This article presents the methodology that was used to teach students the process thinking.

Vasiliy N. Shcherbakov - MSc Program Student, Department of Data Processing Automation, Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics
Address: 40, Lenina Prospect, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
E-mail: sherbakovasiliy@gmail.com

Anatoly A. Sidorov - Associate Professor, Department of Data Processing Automation, Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics
Address: 40, Lenina Prospect, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
E-mail: astroasregion@gmail.com

      The paper describes the features of auto insurance services in Russia, including the factors affecting the cost of insurance products. A review of existing legislation in the field of car insurance is presented: according to the Law “On the State Information System “ERA-GLONASS,” manufacturers of categories B and C vehicles will be required to implement this tracking system for all cars produced in Russia. This fact was a prerequisite for research aimed at exploring the possibility of adapting the foreign system of “smart insurance” to the Russian market. Modern processes of car insurance and related technologies for determining the insurance policy value used in such countries as the US, UK and Australia rely on telematics sensors that determine individual performance and driving style. Some of components of the “ERA-GLONASS” system may be applied as such sensors.
      In this paper, we present different models of participant interaction during implementation of a new technology for the process of delivering CASCO insurance products in Russia. Such models include the public-private model, independent-private model, as well as industry and outsourcing models. We identify the main mechanisms for improving the competitiveness of  insurance companies through general introduction of a “smart insurance” approach: reducing the policy rates in case of safe driving, and expanding the functionality of IT services for drivers. A survey of vehicle owners and interpretation of the results are presented: the purpose of the survey was to identify readiness of drivers for transition to the proposed model of car insurance, and identification of functionality of appropriate mobile services.
      Relying on an analysis of the methodology for calculating policy rates for risky types of insurance approved by order of Rosstrakhnadzor, a model of insurance rate calculation is proposed using special discounts applied in recognition of careful driving.

Natalya N.Lychkina - Associate Professor, Department of Information Systems and Technologies in Logistics, National Research University Higher School of Economics
Address: 20, Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation
E-mail: nlychkina@hse.ru

      This paper explores the genesis of socio-economic processes of strategic development of social transformations in a transition economy. The author studies the system patterns and structural and dynamic aspects of developing socio-economic systems, defining the need for appropriate modeling methods. Restrictive features of traditional mathematical modeling are analyzed.
      Synergetics is applied as a theoretical and methodological fundamental of research and modeling of developing socio-economic systems. Modeling social behavior, individual choice, various forms of social interaction and self-organization processes are recognized to be significant aspects. Searching for methods of model description is based on carrying out interdisciplinary research in the field of economic and social sciences, using modern paradigms (system dynamics, agent-based computer simulation) and simulation technologies and analysis of their possibilities in the study of the dynamic aspects of the development processes in socio-economic systems. A general concept of simulation of developing socio-economic systems based on the principles of stratification is proposed: the micro-level reproduces individual decisions of social and economic agents, as well as the collective organizational forms; and the macro-level describes processes of evolution. The interpretation of the interactions between socio-economic configurations is based on analysis of causal dependencies and dynamic manifestations of the interpenetration of phenomena occurring in different strata of the social system. It offers methods of combining composite system-dynamic and agent-based models, allowing us to investigate the dynamics of socio-economic processes by a cyclical interaction of processes of individual and group behavior of economic and social agents at the micro level with the basic processes of socio-economic system at the macro level.
      The basic directions of development of technologies of simulation in procedures and strategic decision support systems are defined as follows: a computer dynamic scenario analysis based on a generalized simulation model of the control object; a model of balance of interests in the procedures of coordination of scenarios and interests of the participants of the process of social design; a stratified description of the model set with the use of ontologies; methods of parameterization of models of socio-economic systems and the specifications of agents.